Ways of treating vitiligo in childhood

What are the treatment methods that can be used in childhood?

 

Treating vitiligo depends on the type of vitiligo and the age of the patient ... In cases of vitilig

 

children Naroband and Albrootopk (cream immune inhibitor) have achieved better therapeutic results

 

50% of patients begins with the appearance of vitiligo have before the age of twenty years.

There are many ways to treat, including:



_ Topical corticosteroids

Topical steroids are often the first choice for the treatment of vitiligo.

 

_ Topical immunomodulators:
With a topical immunomodulators such as (ointment Albrootopk cream Aledel), put many hope to be a cure for a number of skin problems including vitiligo.

There are a number of studies have shown the effectiveness of these treatments, which are close to effective topical Alstaruyat without the attendant side effects caused by steroids.

Since it is safe for long-term treatment, the topical immunomodulators drugs might be better used to treat small areas of vitiligo or in difficult locations such as the eyelids.

 

 

_ Naroband:

Narrow beams of ultraviolet (b) has emerged recently as a treatment for vitiligo rampant in children.

Analysis study in 1999 and found that Naroband is the most effective and safe for the treatment of vitiligo in children.



Later a number of children have been treated in this way and the best results on vitiligo existing face and neck and vitiligo modern history.
The vitiligo of the hands and feet were weak response.

 

_ Surgical treatments:
Surgical methods are other options in the treatment of vitiligo.

Cultivation of pigment cells from the same patient and sedentary in small places

 

 

Cosmetic creams hide the flaws:
If all treatments fail, the patient usually does not want to receive treatment, so the use of cosmetics and cover defects can be very useful.

 

_ Bleach:
Must focus here that this method does not allow for children.

 

 

 

Photo vitiligo in children

Hair can be also vulnerable to injury vitiligo
And may be associated with various other spots of the body
Body hair may change to white due to the development of vitiligo.

 

Vitiligo is hyperbolic nonsegmental
Spots bilateral and symmetrical
It is the most common
This type of vitiligo spots that are scattered in a symmetrical manner
Note in the picture (2) that vitiligo symmetrically in the eyes
The presence of spots on the side of symmetrically in the same the other side
And characterized by increasing in size and number of spots with the passage of time
This type appears to be at any age

These other forms of vitiligo is hyperbolic .. Metastatic

 

 

Limited or vitiligo
Characterized as non-symmetrical
But in a limited area of the body
And where are the white patches
Confined to one area of the body and on the path of a particular nerve,
The prevalence 72-95%
Beginning of his appearance at an early age

DECLOPHEN

DECLOPHEN Infantile Suppositories

12.5 & 25 MG 

 

Company name : Pharco Pharmaceuticals

Trade name : Declophen Infantile Suppositories 12.5 & 25 mg

 Generic name : Diclofenac Sodium

 COMPOSITION : Each suppository contains

 Diclofenac sodium 12.5 or 25 mg

 Pharmaceuticals form : Suppositories

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION:

Declophen is a non-steroidal anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Diclofenac sodium, the active ingredient in declophen suppositories, has a potent inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of prostaglandin synthesis. This causes a remarkable decrease in the amount of prostaglandins and, in turn, the response to pain and inflammatory reactions or injurious agents is abolished.

 

PHARMACOKINETICS :

 Diclofenac shows a rapid onset of absorption from suppositories. The amount absorbed in linearly related to the size of the dose. Pharmacokinefic behaviour does not change after repeated administration. No accumulation occurs provided the recommended intervals are observed. The plasma concentrations attained in children given equivalent doses (mg/kg body weight) are similar to those obtained in adults.

 

 INDICATIONS:

 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Post-traumatic and postoperative pain, inflammation, and swelling e.g. following orthopaedic surgery. As an adjuvant in severe painful inflammatory infections of the ear, nose. or throat, e.g. pharyngotonsillitis, otitis. In keeping with general therapeutic principles, the underlying disease should be treated with basic therapy, as appropriate. Fever alone is not an indication.

 

 DOSAGE:

 Children aged (1 - 12 years): 1 -3 mg/kg per day in divided doses (12.5 mg and 25 mg suppositories only). Children (aged 6-12  years) with acute post-operative pain 1 - 2 mg/kg per day in divided doses. Treatment of acute post-operative pain should be limited to 4 days treatment (12.5 mg and 25 mg suppositories only)

 

. CONTRAINDICATIONS:

 Gastric or intestinal ulcer. Known hypersensitivity to Diclofenac sodium. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Declophen is contraindicated in patients in whom attacks of asthma, or acute rhinitis by acetylsalicylic acid or other drugs with prostaglandins-synthetase

inhibiting activity. It is also contraindicated in proctitis.

 

SIDE EFFECTS:

Mild and infrequent gastro-intestinal disturbances (epigastric pain. nausea ), skin rash, pruritus, headache or oedema might occur in some patients.

 

DRUG INTERACTIONS:

 Lithium & digoxin: Declophen may increase plasma concentrations of lithium & digoxin.

 Anticoagulants : Close monitoring of patients is required when receiving concomitant anticoagulants and Declophen.

Cyclosporins

Cases of nephrotoxicity have been reported in patients receiving concomitant cyclosporin and Declophen.

 Methotrexate

 Cases of serious toxicity have been reported when methotrexate and NSAIDS are given within 24 hours of each other.

 

 Quinolone antimicrobials

Caution should be exercised when considering the use of quinolone in patients who are already receiving an NSA ID.

 

 Antidiabetics

Clinical studies have shown that Declophen can be given together with oral antidiabetic agents without influencing their clinical effect. However, there have been isolated reports of both hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic effects which have required adjustment to the dosage of hypoglycaemic agents.

 

 Diuretics

Concomitant treatment with potassium-sparing diuretics may be associated with increased serum potassium levels, which should therefore be monitored frequently.

 

Mifepristone

NSAIDS should not be used for 8 - 12 days after mifepristone administration.

 

WARNINGS & PRECAUTIONS:

Use under close medical supervision in case of gastro-intestinal disorders with a history of gastric or intestinal ulceration, with ulcerative colitis or with Crohn's disease and in severe impairment of hepatic function. Like other NSAIDS, Declophen may mask the signs and symptoms of infection. Avoid concomitant use of two or more NSAIDS. PACKING: A box containing 5 suppositories. STORAGE: Keep at temperature less than 5° C Keep all medicines out of the reach of children

 

Codaphen - N

Codaphen - N

Syrup

 Antitussive

 Composition :

 Each 5 ml contains:

 Active ingredients:

 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg

 Chlorpheniramine maleate 1 mg

 Inactive ingredients:

 Methylparaben. Propylparaben. Sodium citrate anhydrous, Sucrose, Sorbitol solution 70 %, Ethyl alcohol, Propylene glycol. Derenine. Fraise lautier

Indications:

Temporarily relieves cold symptoms

 - Cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation

 - Sneezing

 - Runny nose

 Dosage & Administration:

 As directed by the physician or as follows:-

• Repeat dose every 6 hours. as needed

Do not take more than 4 doses in any 24 hour period

 - 6 to 11 years. 1 tablespoonful (15 ml) every 6 hours

- Adults & Children 12 years and older: 2 tablespoonfuls (30 ml) every 6 hours

 Pharmacological Actions:

 Dextrornethorphan hydrobromide is a cough suppressant used for the relief of non-productive cough: it has a central action on the cough centre In the medulla It is also an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Chlorpheniramine maleate. an alkylamine denvatwe. is a sedating antihistamine that causes a moderate degree of sedatiomit also has antimuscarinic activity. It is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions Including urticana and angioedema. rhinitis, conjunctivitis and in pruritic skin disorders. It is a common ingredient of compound preparations for symptomatic treatment of coughs and the common cold

Pharrnacokinetics:

Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine as unchanged dextromethorphan and demethylated metabolites including dextrorphan which has some cough suppressant activity Chforpheniramine maleate is absorbed relatively slowly from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring about 25 to 6 hours after oral doses. About 70% of chlorpheniramine in the circulation is bound to plasma proteins There is wide interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine; values ranging from 2 to 43 hours have been reported for the half-life. Chtorpheniramine is widely distributed in the body and enters the CNS. Chlorpheniramine maleate is extensively metabolised. Metabolites include desmethyl- and didesmethylchlorpheniramme. Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted pnmarily in the urine: excretion is dependent on urinary PH and flow rate. Only trace amounts have been found in the faeces.

Contraindications:

 Ask a doctor before use if you have - Trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland - Glaucoma - A cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus) - A breathing problem or chronic cough that lasts a' as occurs will! smoking asthma, chronic bronchitis, Or emphysema - A sodium - restricted diet

Side Effects: When using this product-- Do not use more than directed - Marked drowsiness may occur -Avoid alcoholic drinks - Alcohol, sedatives and tranquilizers may increase drowsiness - Be careful when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery - Excitability may occur, especially In children

Drug Interactions: Do not use if you are now taking a prescription monoarnine oxidase inhibitor (MA01) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric, or emotional conditions, or Parkinson's disease), or for 2 weeks after stopping the MA01 drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains a MA01, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking thus product. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before muse if you are taking sedatives or tranquilizers. Pregnancy & Lactation: If pregnant or breast - feeding, ask a health professional before use Precautions & Warnings: Do not use for children under 6 years. It is not recommended for use in diabetic patients It may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed) If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars. contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product Stop use and ask a doctor if cough lasts more than 7 days. comes back or is accompanied by fever, rash, or persistent headache. These could be signs of a serious condition

Package & Storage:

 Carton box containing amber glass bottle (Type 111) 01120 ml and an inner pamphlet Store in airtight containers away from light. Store at a temperature not exceeding 30.0

-          Instructions to patients:

-           Keep out of the reach of children.

 

Cobal

Cobol

Mecobalamln 500 mcg

Folic acid 200 mcg

Composition:

Each Cobol F film-coated tablet contains:

Mecobalamln 500 mcg

Folic acid 200 mcg

Inactive ingredients: Lactose monohydrate, maize starch, ethanol 99%, magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ES.

Indications:

- Prevention of pregnancy complications such as: early abortion, low-birth weight, neural tube defects, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, and maternal hyperhomocysteinaemia associated with increased risk of congenital heart disease.

 - Treatment and prevention of folate deficiency state.

 - Megaloblastic macroeytic anaemia.

 - Malaise and fatigue.

- Reduces risk of cardiovascular disorders, as it decreases homocysteine level in the blood.

 - In cases of inadequate nutrition. e.g. elderly people and vegetarians.

 - Osteoporosis and lumbago.

- Male and female infertility caused by hypovitaminosis B 12.

 Dosage and administration:

 Two to three tablets to be taken daily, or as prescribed by the physician.

 Pharmacodynamics: Cobal F is a combination of meeobalamin and folk acid. Mecobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin 1312. Vitamin BI2 occurs in the body mainly as methylcobalamin (mecobalamin), adenosylcobalamin (cobaniamide) and hydroxycobalarnin. Mccobalamin, as one of the two active coenzyme forms of vitamin 1312 (the other being adenosylcobalamin), plays an important role as a coenzyme of methionine synthetase in the transmethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Mecobalamin removes the methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate to form tetrahydrofolate which participates in purine, pyrimidine, and nucleic acid synthesis. Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid), member of the vitamin 13 group, is the parent compound for a large number of derivatives collectively known as folates. Folic acid stimulates production of red, white blood cells and platelets in certain mcgaloblastic anaemias.

 Pharmacokinetics:

 Evidence indicates that mecobalamin is utilised more efficiently than cyanocobalamin to increase level of vitamin 812. It is stored in the liver, excreted in the bile, and undergoes extensive entcrohepatic recycling.  Human urinary excretion of mecobalamin is about one-third that of a similar dose of cyanocobalamin, indicating greater tissue retention. Folic acid is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, mainly from the duodenum and jejunum. Folic acid administered therapeutically enters the portal circulation largely unchanged. The principal storage site of folate is the liver; it is also actively concentrated in the CSE Mate metabolites arc eliminated in the urine and folate in excess of body requirements is excreted unchanged in the urine. Folate is distributed into breast milk. Folic acid is removed by haemodialys

Side effects:

 Mecobalamin and folic acid are generally well tolerated and no known toxicity. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhoea or other symptoms of gastrointestinal upsets may infrequently appear. Hypersensitivity reactions or skin rash may rarely occur.

 Contraindications:

 Hypersensitivity reactions to mecobalamin, folic acid or any ingredient in the product.

Precautions:

 Caution is advised in patients who may have folate-dcpendent tumours.

 Drug Interactions:

 No drug interaction of major clinical significance has been reported with Mecobalamin. However, the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin 1312 substances in general may be decreased by colchicine aminoglycoside, antibiotics, aminosalicylic acid and its salts, and by excessive alchohol intake lasting than 2 weeks.

 Pregnancy and lactation:

Studies have not been done in humans. In animals, mecobalamin was not found teratogenic. Mecobalamin is distributed into breast milk.

Presentation:

 Cobol F tablets are supplied in boxes of 20 tablets each. Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C, in dry place, away from light.

Keep out of reach of children