Codaphen - N

Codaphen - N

Syrup

 Antitussive

 Composition :

 Each 5 ml contains:

 Active ingredients:

 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg

 Chlorpheniramine maleate 1 mg

 Inactive ingredients:

 Methylparaben. Propylparaben. Sodium citrate anhydrous, Sucrose, Sorbitol solution 70 %, Ethyl alcohol, Propylene glycol. Derenine. Fraise lautier

Indications:

Temporarily relieves cold symptoms

 - Cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation

 - Sneezing

 - Runny nose

 Dosage & Administration:

 As directed by the physician or as follows:-

• Repeat dose every 6 hours. as needed

Do not take more than 4 doses in any 24 hour period

 - 6 to 11 years. 1 tablespoonful (15 ml) every 6 hours

- Adults & Children 12 years and older: 2 tablespoonfuls (30 ml) every 6 hours

 Pharmacological Actions:

 Dextrornethorphan hydrobromide is a cough suppressant used for the relief of non-productive cough: it has a central action on the cough centre In the medulla It is also an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Chlorpheniramine maleate. an alkylamine denvatwe. is a sedating antihistamine that causes a moderate degree of sedatiomit also has antimuscarinic activity. It is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions Including urticana and angioedema. rhinitis, conjunctivitis and in pruritic skin disorders. It is a common ingredient of compound preparations for symptomatic treatment of coughs and the common cold

Pharrnacokinetics:

Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine as unchanged dextromethorphan and demethylated metabolites including dextrorphan which has some cough suppressant activity Chforpheniramine maleate is absorbed relatively slowly from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring about 25 to 6 hours after oral doses. About 70% of chlorpheniramine in the circulation is bound to plasma proteins There is wide interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine; values ranging from 2 to 43 hours have been reported for the half-life. Chtorpheniramine is widely distributed in the body and enters the CNS. Chlorpheniramine maleate is extensively metabolised. Metabolites include desmethyl- and didesmethylchlorpheniramme. Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted pnmarily in the urine: excretion is dependent on urinary PH and flow rate. Only trace amounts have been found in the faeces.

Contraindications:

 Ask a doctor before use if you have - Trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland - Glaucoma - A cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus) - A breathing problem or chronic cough that lasts a' as occurs will! smoking asthma, chronic bronchitis, Or emphysema - A sodium - restricted diet

Side Effects: When using this product-- Do not use more than directed - Marked drowsiness may occur -Avoid alcoholic drinks - Alcohol, sedatives and tranquilizers may increase drowsiness - Be careful when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery - Excitability may occur, especially In children

Drug Interactions: Do not use if you are now taking a prescription monoarnine oxidase inhibitor (MA01) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric, or emotional conditions, or Parkinson's disease), or for 2 weeks after stopping the MA01 drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains a MA01, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking thus product. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before muse if you are taking sedatives or tranquilizers. Pregnancy & Lactation: If pregnant or breast - feeding, ask a health professional before use Precautions & Warnings: Do not use for children under 6 years. It is not recommended for use in diabetic patients It may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed) If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars. contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product Stop use and ask a doctor if cough lasts more than 7 days. comes back or is accompanied by fever, rash, or persistent headache. These could be signs of a serious condition

Package & Storage:

 Carton box containing amber glass bottle (Type 111) 01120 ml and an inner pamphlet Store in airtight containers away from light. Store at a temperature not exceeding 30.0

-          Instructions to patients:

-           Keep out of the reach of children.

 

Cobal

Cobol

Mecobalamln 500 mcg

Folic acid 200 mcg

Composition:

Each Cobol F film-coated tablet contains:

Mecobalamln 500 mcg

Folic acid 200 mcg

Inactive ingredients: Lactose monohydrate, maize starch, ethanol 99%, magnesium stearate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ES.

Indications:

- Prevention of pregnancy complications such as: early abortion, low-birth weight, neural tube defects, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, and maternal hyperhomocysteinaemia associated with increased risk of congenital heart disease.

 - Treatment and prevention of folate deficiency state.

 - Megaloblastic macroeytic anaemia.

 - Malaise and fatigue.

- Reduces risk of cardiovascular disorders, as it decreases homocysteine level in the blood.

 - In cases of inadequate nutrition. e.g. elderly people and vegetarians.

 - Osteoporosis and lumbago.

- Male and female infertility caused by hypovitaminosis B 12.

 Dosage and administration:

 Two to three tablets to be taken daily, or as prescribed by the physician.

 Pharmacodynamics: Cobal F is a combination of meeobalamin and folk acid. Mecobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin 1312. Vitamin BI2 occurs in the body mainly as methylcobalamin (mecobalamin), adenosylcobalamin (cobaniamide) and hydroxycobalarnin. Mccobalamin, as one of the two active coenzyme forms of vitamin 1312 (the other being adenosylcobalamin), plays an important role as a coenzyme of methionine synthetase in the transmethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Mecobalamin removes the methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate to form tetrahydrofolate which participates in purine, pyrimidine, and nucleic acid synthesis. Folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid), member of the vitamin 13 group, is the parent compound for a large number of derivatives collectively known as folates. Folic acid stimulates production of red, white blood cells and platelets in certain mcgaloblastic anaemias.

 Pharmacokinetics:

 Evidence indicates that mecobalamin is utilised more efficiently than cyanocobalamin to increase level of vitamin 812. It is stored in the liver, excreted in the bile, and undergoes extensive entcrohepatic recycling.  Human urinary excretion of mecobalamin is about one-third that of a similar dose of cyanocobalamin, indicating greater tissue retention. Folic acid is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, mainly from the duodenum and jejunum. Folic acid administered therapeutically enters the portal circulation largely unchanged. The principal storage site of folate is the liver; it is also actively concentrated in the CSE Mate metabolites arc eliminated in the urine and folate in excess of body requirements is excreted unchanged in the urine. Folate is distributed into breast milk. Folic acid is removed by haemodialys

Side effects:

 Mecobalamin and folic acid are generally well tolerated and no known toxicity. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhoea or other symptoms of gastrointestinal upsets may infrequently appear. Hypersensitivity reactions or skin rash may rarely occur.

 Contraindications:

 Hypersensitivity reactions to mecobalamin, folic acid or any ingredient in the product.

Precautions:

 Caution is advised in patients who may have folate-dcpendent tumours.

 Drug Interactions:

 No drug interaction of major clinical significance has been reported with Mecobalamin. However, the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin 1312 substances in general may be decreased by colchicine aminoglycoside, antibiotics, aminosalicylic acid and its salts, and by excessive alchohol intake lasting than 2 weeks.

 Pregnancy and lactation:

Studies have not been done in humans. In animals, mecobalamin was not found teratogenic. Mecobalamin is distributed into breast milk.

Presentation:

 Cobol F tablets are supplied in boxes of 20 tablets each. Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C, in dry place, away from light.

Keep out of reach of children

Clindam

Clindam

Capsules

Composition:

Each capsule contains: Clindamycin Hydrochloride equivalent to 150 mg or 300 mg Clindamycin.

 Properties:

Clindarnycin in-vitro activity covers the following organisms: Gram-Positive: Aerobic organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis (both penicillinase and non-penicillinase producing strains), Streptococci (except S.faecalis), pneumococci. Anaerobic organisms: Non spore forming Bacilli such as Propionibacterium species. Gram-Negative: Anaerobic Bacilli such as Bacteroides species and Fusobacterium species.

 Indications:

 Infections with microorganisms susceptible to Clindamycin such as:

 - Respiratory tract infections.

 - Skin and soft tissue infections.

- Dental infections.

- Genital and post-surgical infections

. Contraindications:

Clindamycin demonstrates cross resistance with Lincomycin. Some Staphylococcus strains originally resistant to Erythromycin rapidly develop resistance to Clindamycin. Clindam is constrained in patients with history of hypersensitivity to Clindamycin or Lincomycin.

 Usage in pregnancy:

 Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.

 Side Effects:

 Gastrointestinal disturbances: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may occur.

Dosage:

 Mild to moderately severe infections: 150 to 300 mg every 6 hours. Severe infections: 300 to 450 mg every 6 hours.

 Presentation:

 Clindam 150 mg capsules: A box containing 2 blisters, each of 8 capsules. Clindam 300 mg capsules: A box containing 1 blister of 8 capsules. A box containing 2 blisters, each of 8 capsules.

 

CIPROCIN

For The Medical Profession Only

CIPROCIN

Film-Coated Tablets - Vials (IV) Broad - Spectrum Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial

Indications:

 -Treatment of infections due to susceptible micro-organisms:

 -Urinary tract infections.

 -Acute sinusitis, and malignant otitis externa.

-Lower respiratory tract infections.

 -Exacerbations of cystic fibrosis.

 -Bone and joint infections.

 -Skin and soft tissue infections.

 -Gastrointestinal tract infections including biliary tract infections, infectious diarrhea, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.

 -Genital tract infections: prostatitis, gonorrhea and chancroid.

-Septicemia and peritonitis.

-Surgical infection prophylaxis.

 -Meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis.

 -Infections in immunocompromised patients (neutropenia).

 -Inhalation anthrax.

 Dosage and Administration:

Oral Route Clprocinn can be taken without regard to meals. CiprocIn8 Tablets should be given every 12 hours.

Properties:

 CiprocIn0 is one of the most potent of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial group. It is bactericidal acting by inhibition of the A subunit of DNA gyrase enzyme essential for bacterial DNA reproduction. Clprocin® has a broad spectrum of activity against most Gram-negative bacteria and many Gram-positive bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae. including E. coli. Proteus, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella. Serratia, Citrobacter. Enterobacter, Providentia, Yersinia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus inlluenzae (including beta-lactamase producing strains). Haemophilus parainfluenzae and ducreyi, Neisseria gnonorrhoeae (including beta-lactamase producing strains), Neisseria meningitidis. Campylobacter app., and Vibrio spp.; Staphylococci (including penicillinase-producing and penicillinase-nonproducing strains and some methicillin-resistant strains). Streptococci (including pyogenes, faecalis and

pneumoniae). Clprocin® has some activity against mycobacteria, and mycoplasmas.

Pharmacokinetics:

 Ciprofloxacin is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral bioavailability is about 70% and a peak plasma concentration is achieved 1 - 2 hours after a dose of 500 mg by mouth. Absorption may be delayed by the presence of food but is not substantially affected overall. Plasma half-life is about 3.5 - 4.5 hours. Protein binding ranges from 20 - 40%. Ills widely distributed in the body and tissue penetration is generally good. High concentrations are achieved in bile. Ciprofloxacin is eliminated primarily by urinary excretion, but non-renal clearance may account for about a third of elimination and includes hepatic metabolism, biliary excretion and possible transluminal secretion across the intestinal mucosa. About 40 - 50% of the oral dose is excreted unchanged in urine and about 15% as metabolites which have antimicrobial activity, but are less active than unchanged ciprofloxacin. Up to 70% of the parenteral dose may be excreted unchanged and within 24 hours and 10% as metabolites. Fecal excretion over 5 days has accounted for 20- 30% of an oral dose and 15% of an intravenous dose.

 

Alexoprine

Indications & Usage :

mild to moderate pain pyrexia antiplatelet relief of all symptoms associated with common cold and influenza such as headache, pain and fever. • Antipyretic in febrile conditions including rheumatic fever. • Analgesic for pain of different etiologies as headache, toothache, migraine and rheumatic pain. • ills suitable for patients who suffer from hyperacidity or gastric ulcers and can not receive normal aspirin therapy. It can also be used for long term therapy without causing irritation or ulceration to gastric mucosa

Side effects :

Generally mild and infrequent but high incidence of gastrointestinal Irritation with slight asymptomatic blood loss, increased bleeding time, bronchospasm and skin reactions in hypersensitive patients

Warnings & Precautions :

 Asthma, allergic disease, impaired renal or hepatic function (avoid if severe), dehydration, pregnancy, elderly.

 Dosage & Administration :

 As directed by the physician or as follows. Children for 12 years '2 -3 Alexoprine 75 mg tablets 2 - 3 times daily after meals. Adults : 1 - 2 Alexoprine Forte tablets 3 times daily after meals. It is preferable to disintegrate the tablets in some water, stir and then drink